It is necessary to understand the full spectrum of stem cell actions and preclinical evidence for safety and therapeutic efficacy. The role of animal models for gaining this information has increased substantially. There is an urgent need for novel animal models to expand the range of current studies, most of which have been conducted in rodents. Extant models are providing important information but have limitations for a variety of disease categories and can have different size and physiology relative to humans. These differences can preclude the ability to reproduce the results of animal-based preclinical studies in human trials.
Larger animal species, such as rabbits, dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, and non-human primates, are better predictors of responses in humans than are rodents, but in each case it will be necessary to choose the best model for a specific application. There is a wide spectrum of potential stem cell-based products that can be used for regenerative medicine, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic stem cells, and differentiated cellular progeny. The state of knowledge and availability of these cells from large animals vary among species. In most cases, significant effort is required for establishing and characterizing cell lines, comparing behavior to human analogs, and testing potential applications. Stem cell-based therapies present significant safety challenges, which cannot be addressed by traditional procedures and require the development of new protocols and test systems, for which the rigorous use of larger animal species more closely resembling human behavior will be required. In this article, we discuss the current status and challenges of and several major directions for the future development of large animal models to facilitate advances in stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
Led nearly twice as many midstream energy M&A transactions as any other law firm in the last five years ( according to Capital IQ).Broad client and deal list handling midstream activities also involved in carbon capture projects, including gathering, processing, treatment, transportation, and storage of hydrocarbons and other products (e.g., water and other byproducts).Ranked Band 1 in Energy: Oil & Gas (Transactional) (2013–2021) and named “Energy & Projects Law Firm of the Year” in 2021, both by Chambers USA.Named “Energy Group of the Year” in 2021 by Law360.Ranked nationwide by Chambers USA in Environment (2013–2021).Advice on other federal and state regulatory matters relating to pipelines, air emissions, and other energy infrastructure matters.Compliance with and permitting under the Safe Drinking Water Act’s Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, including for Class II (for EOR) and Class VI (for long-term sequestration) wells, and securing permits from USEPA as well as state regulatory authorities.Ranked by Chambers USA in Projects: Renewables & Alternative Energy in 2021, recognizing our trail-blazing efforts with renewables tax equity financings.Structuring tax equity investments for both tax equity investors and project sponsors.Utilization of Section 45Q income tax credits (see our summary of the final regulations governing the rules on Section 45Q credits).Ranked in Project Finance – Advice to Sponsors and Project Finance – Advice to Lenders by Legal 500 U.S.All elements of project finance for any carbon capture and sequestration project facilities (such as pipelines) on both lender and creditor side (sponsors, developers, and lenders).Ranked Band 1 by Chambers USA in Projects: Power & Renewables (2019–2021) and Projects: Oil & Gas (2014–2021).Agreements and market terms for project development (including EPC and O&M contracts, CO 2 capture and sequestration agreements, and pipeline transportation), securing necessary reservoir and surface rights, and other infrastructure requirements.Our firm brings a multidisciplinary team with substantial experience in carbon capture and related projects to help clients implement these initiatives: Traditional energy companies not only often generate significant volumes of CO 2 emissions, but they also are well positioned to design, build, and operate the infrastructure necessary to capture, transport, and dispose of CO 2.Īs the “World’s Leading Energy Law Firm” ( Euromoney, 1995–Present)*, V&E is well suited to guide traditional energy clients and new entrants in the burgeoning area of carbon capture projects.
0 kommentar(er)
